Heating and cooling system



United States Patent [72] inventors Tom C. lvers 1750 Greenfield Drive;Joseph W. Baldecchi, 600 Geiger Grade Road, Reno, Nevada 89502 [2]]Appl. No. 638,276 [22] Filed May 15, 1967 [45] Patented Oct. 27, 1970[54] HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM 7 Claims, 11 Drawing Figs.

[52] US. Cl 165/22, 237/68 [51] lnt.C1 F24t3/l0 [50] Field of Search165/62,, 63, 22, 50, 56, 57, 58. 54, 26'. 62l498tP), (CP). lnq; 98/3 1;237/68; 99/288, 289

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,115,706 5/1938 Cornell165/5OX 2,255,292 9/1941 Lincoln 165/50X 2,949,750 8/1960 Kramer62/(CP)UX 2,984,460 5/1961 Gardner et a1. 165/50 3,081,606 3/1963 Broseet al. 62/498(P)UX 3,283,808 11/1966 Hochstrasser 165/22 3,351,128l1/1967 Barnd 165/22 1,699,064 1/1929 l-liggins..... 237/68 1,772,2398/1930 Browne 237/68 2,352,930 7/1944 Anderson 165/26 2,865,610 12/1958Sparrow 165/26 3,049,067 8/1962 Claude 98/31 51,083 11/1865 Pincus etal.. 99/288 3,011,428 l2/l96l Kircher 99/289X 3,069,999 12/ l 962Morrison 99/289X Primary Examiner-Manuel A. Antonakas Attorney-LlewellynA. Young ABSTRACT: This invention relates to a heating and coolingsystem wherein the same liquid is used in both the heating and coolingsystems and the system is vented to atmosphere so as to minimize thepossibility of explosion. The liquid used is an antifreezing liquid sothat necessity for replenishment is minimized and smaller pipes, such ascopper tubing, may be used to conduct the liquid between the heatingunit, the cooling unit, and space unit associated therewith. Theinvention is also concerned with a novel construction for quicklyheating the liquid to a desired temperature.

Patented Oct. 27, 1970 Sheet 1 of 7 9% WN M j ww 1 Patented 27, 1970.

.Sheet 5 of 7 Patehtea Z7,

5Qof7 Sheet Nun @MGR \Nn mum fin an INVENTORS Patented 1 Oct. 27, 1970 ISheet INVENTORSV HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to the field of air conditioning and heating. Theunit may also be used for cooling refrigerating units and storage boxesto any preselected cooling or freezing temperature.

DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART This invention relates to a heating and coolingsystem and more particularly to a combined heating and cooling system.

With the advent of air conditioning, engineers have been attempting toperfect a combined heating and cooling system that is easy to install,inexpensive to produce and will have a relatively long, trouble-freelife.

Originally, two independent systems were utilized, but this hadhandicaps because two systems of ducts had to be utilized. Thisfrequently necessitated remodelling of a house in order to get thenecessary installation. Considerable sales resistance has been met withthis system primarily due to cost. Individual window air conditionershave also been installed. In such installations, the air conditionershave cut off the light entering the window and have thus been found tobe undesirable for this reason. Houses having such installations givethe inhabitants a gloomy. feeling. Then too. there is the problem ofnoisy fans and leaky water tubes when a water-cooled installation isused.

More recent designs have utilized common duct work and have had separatesources of hot air and cold air. But here again the duct work isexpensive and the furnace and the air conditioner require considerablespace for installation.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF INVENTION One of the objects of this invention is theprovision of a novel system for heating and cooling with a commonheating and cooling device that utilizes a fluid of a preselected hottemperature for heating and a fluid of a preselected cold' temperaturefor cooling.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a temperatureconditioning system for a space utilizing a liquid that eliminates awater supply hookup.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a hot and cold airconditioning system that eliminates all air devices, flow control valvesor expansion tanks in the main circuits or on the boiler.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a hot and cold airconditioning system that utilized a piping system of relatively smalldimensions.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a novel hot and coldtemperature conditioning system for use with a plurality of spaces thatpermits individual control of any one of the spaces.

Another object of the invention is the provision ofa hot and cold airsystem that is inexpensive to produce, is positive in its action, isrugged and sturdy. is relatively compact and requires minimum ofmaintenance Another object of the invention is the provision of a novelhot and cold air conditioning system that may be used in subzeroclimates year round without the necessity of connecting or disconnectingany portion of the system for different seasons of the year.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a novel hot and coldair conditioning unit that eliminates expensive transfer valves when thesystem changes from a heating to a cooling condition.

the system are minimized.

LII

Another object of the invention is the provision of a heating andcooling system that is capable of transferring heat or cold fromseparate sources to a place of use quickly, easily and with a minimum ofconnections between the sources and the place of use. Other objects andadvantages will become apparent when taken in connection with thefollowing drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of the combined heating and cooling systemembodying the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of a modified form of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a wiring diagram for the components in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a side elevation view of the boiler unit.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the boiler unit taken along theline5-5 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the flash chamberconstruction.

FIG. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 7-7 in FIG.6.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of another modified form of the invention.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along the line 9-9 in FIG. 8.

FIG. I0 is a schematic view of another modified form of the invention.

FIG. II is a sectional view a room showing a cooling and heating unitwith a recirculating connection. Referring now to the drawings, theinvention is shown embodied in a heating and cooling system for use in ahouse. In general the system comprises space heaters'and coolers II, ahot liquid supply I2, a cold liquid supply l3 and conduit meansinterconnecting the hot liquid supply and the cold liquid supply withthe space heaters and coolers I] so that the flow of either the coldliquid or the hot liquid to and from the space heater and cooler unitsII may be selectively controlled and means responsive to preselectedtemperatures adjacent the space heater and cooler units 11 forcontrolling the flow of hot and cold liquid to the space heater andcooler units II.

As shown, the system utilizes three space heater and cooler units 11. Itis to be understood that any number of heating and cooling units may beused. depending on the number of rooms or spaces desired to be heated orcooled. Each space heater and cooler unit comprises a housing I6 havinga series of radiating fins 17 mounted thereon. and a pipe or tubularmember I8 in an undulating or wave-shape passing through the fins 17 insuch a manner that, ifhot liquid passes through the pipe 18. heat isconducted by the fins I7 from the hot liquid flowing through the pipe18; and when cold liquid passes through the pipe I8. cold is conductedby the fins I7 from the cold liquid flowing through the pipe 18. Asshown. the cooling or heating liquids are introduced into the spaceheating and cooling units through an inlet I9 connected-to a conduit 21connected to the hot and cold liquid supplies I2 and 13. A conduit 22connected to the outlet end 23 of the tubular member 18 returns theliquid to the hot or cold liquid su ply. A fan 24 is mounted in thelower end of each housing 16 and is arranged to blow air through thehousing around the fins 17 through an opening 26 in the top of thehousing to be discharged into the room or other area to be heated orcooled.

The housing 16 may have any desired shape; but, for convenience ofinstallation, it should be of such a width and thickness that it can fitbetween upright studs of a wall of a room or the joists of a floor. Anelectric valve 27 for controlling the flow of liquid into each spaceheater and cooler is connected in the conduit 21 adjacent the inlet 19of each space heater and cooler unit. The electric valve 27 iscontrolled by a room thermostat 31 spaced to respond to preselected hotand cold temperatures produced by the space heating and cooling unit IIwith which it is associated.

Any suitable method may be employed for supplying hot liquid to theheating and cooling units II. Herein the hot liquid supply includes aboiler 34 or hot cylinder and a heat exchange unit 33. The heat exchangeunit 33, as shown, comprises an elongated container 36 formed to providea reservoir container 36.

to contain liquid. A coil 37 passes'through the container 36 and has aninlet opening 38 andan outlet opening 39. Suitable insulation; notshown' may be placed about the exterior of the It is to beunderstood'that any suitable means may be employed tosupply hot liquidor fluid to the coil 37 in the heatexchange unit 33. in this embodiment(See FIGS. 4 5, 6 and 4 The pump-104 is controlled by a pressure switch109. Thus, when the pressure in the lines 21 and 102 builds up to apreselected pressure. as when the electric valves 27 close. the

. switch 109 operates to turn off the pump 1 04; and when the 7). theheating unit or. boiler 34 includes a housing-41 of l generallyrectangularconfiguration having sides 43 and ends 46and 47,a top 48 anda bottom 49,'all rigidly secured are two compartments and 52 heated byburners 53. The

. together as by welding or suitable means. Within the housing gcompartment 51 is formed by the side 44. the ends 46 and 47.

a partition 54 spaced from the side 44 and a bott'om 56. In a similarmannerthecompartment 52 is formed by the side 43.

e the ends 46 and 47. a partition 57 spacedfrom the side 43 and a bottom58. The bottom 56'and the bottom 58are spaced above the bottom 49 ofthe'housing a sufficient distance to accommodate the burners; The spacebetween the partitions 54 and 57 provide an exhaust passageway 59 forthe, gases coming from the burners and exhausted to the atmospherethrough vent 61. Toinsure uniform temperature in bothcompartments.transfer tubes62 extendbetween compartments 5] and 52. It is to beobserved also that by placing the transfer exchanger unit 33. An airvent 108 opening to the atmosphere v is operatively connected with theline 106 to release any air in ,the system. A liquid supply gauge 110 isassociated with the air vent I08 and indicates the level of the liquidin the system.

The coolant supply 13 herein comprises acooling exchanger 12 1 and arefrigerator. unit 122. The refrigerator tubes 62in the exhaustpassageway 59. the liquid in,the

' transfer tubes is in effect preheated.

In order to get quick heating. a flash chamber principle been utilized.Thus. as seen a series of flash chambers 7] are formed beneath eachcompartment. Each chamber comprises q a bottom 72. a wall 73. aperipheral flange 74 spaced from the bottom for securing the wall 73 andthe bottom 7210 the bot tom of the compartment 51 as by welding or othersuitable means. Projecting into 'the compartment above each flashchamber is a' tube '76 having its lower end 77 in communica tion withthe flash chamber 71 ."and its upper end 78 extending above the level ofliquidin the compartment 51. A hole 79 is r formed in the bottom 56: ofthe compartment 5 so as to provide communication between the compartmentand .the flashtube. Flash chambers 7l. having the same construction asunit may be of any conventional constructionincluding a fan 120 and isconnected to a coil 123. in the cooling exchanger through a conduit 124.The other endof the coil 123 is connected to a return pipe 126 in turnleading to the refrigerator unit. A conventional expansion chamber1l27is placed in the lin'e l24.

The cooling exchanger 121 is connected to the space heating'and coolingunits 11 through a conduit 131 and the con- ;duit 21. A check valve 132is inserted in the conduit to prevent the return flow of liquid, and acentrifugal pump I34 7 inserted in the line draws cold liquid from theexchange unit 13 and forces it through the conduits l3] and 21 to theunits 11.

A pressure switch 130 controls the operation of the pump 134. Thus.whenever the pressure in the lines 21 and 131 builds up to a preselectedpressure because the electric valves described hereinbefore. are alsoprovided beneath the compartment52in the same manner as describedherein.

A burner 53 .is placed irnmediately below eachflash chamber 71 and isarranged so that the exhaust'fumes flow through the passageway :59 tothe atmosphere.

A conduit 81-connected to a fuel supply. not shown,

con

ducts fuel to the burners 53, A gas supplycontrol valve 82 is connectedthe conduit 8l for controlling the fuel supply and is controlled by apreselected temperature in the boiler 34 by an aquastat 83 mounted onthe housing 41. The heating com- :partments 51 and52are connected to theheat exchange unit 3 t by conduits 84 and 86 and conduit 87 in turnconnected to the inlet 38 of the heat exchange. A circulatingcentrifugal pump a 88 and a check valve 89 are disposed in the conduit87. The

90 on the heat exhanger 33 controls the operation of the pump 88 f aEach of the flash chambers 71 and associated tubes 76 and circulatingpurnp effects circulation of hot liquid between the v heating unit 34and thelheatexchange unit 33. The check valve89 prevents the returnflowof liquid to the heating unit 34 The outlet 39 of .the' heatexhanger is connected to the heating unit 34 through a conduit 91. Avent92 to air is con- .nectedto the conduit 91 adjacent the housing4l. Anaquastat exchanger unit 13; a

27are closed. the switch I30 shuts off the pump l34. When the linepressure reduces. the switch 130 closes and the pump 134starts. therebycirculating the cooling liquid. An aquastat is mounted on the coolingexchanger .12] to control the operation of the refrigerator unit 122 andin turn the temperature of the liquid in the cooling exchanger;

The return lines22 and 106 extend between the space heating and coolingunits II and a line 137 returning to the cooling Theoperation of theheating and cooling system is controlled by anoutdoor thermostat 146.Thus. the outdoor thermostat is set for some temperature. such as 65. asdesired by the operator and depending on the locality; Thus, unless theoutdoor temperature goes below that satisfactory the hot supply circuitis operable and the cold supply circuitis not operable. lf the outdoortemperature goesabove 65, the cold .operable. The outdoor thermostat,is. thuspoperably con- .n'e'cted; with circulating pumps 104 and 134;.and only one system may work at a time;

While it ispossible to use a number of fluids or liquids in this system,best results areobtained by using an antifreeze liquid,

such as ethelene glycol. While the pure liquid works, a 60 percentethelene glycol and 40 percent water solution is very satisfactory .overwide temperature ranges. Other percentages and other liquids may beused.

The wiring diagram is shown in FIG. 3. While any desired voltagesupplies may be used, for purposes of illustration. a

230-volt supply is used for the compressormotor of the 1 refrigerationunit 122. a l lO-volt supply is used for each of the burner 53 is of thesame construction forboth compartments. 7

s1 and 52.

T he heat exchanger unit 33is connectedto an outlet 101 with a conduitor line 102-that connects with conduit 21 leading to the space heatingand cooling units '1 l. A check valve 103 is placed in the linegl02 toprevent'thereturn of liquid to T theheat excha'ngerthrough the line 102.A centrifugal pump .104 is inserted in the line 102 for drawing theliquid from the; fiheat exchanger unit and forcing it-throughtheconduit102 e Y and line 21 to the units 11.

fans 24, the boiler circulator pump 88. the heating circulator pump 104and the coolingcirculator pump 1 34and a 24-volt supply is used for thecontrol circuits.

. .As shown,-'one side of the compressor motor 130 is con-' 1 nected toa main line supply l51 through one side of a switch 150. a fuse155,..and line 153, a line. 134. normally open con-' tacts 156 ofacompressor relayiand a line 157. The other a side of thecompressor motor130 is connected tothemain line 152 throughthe other side of the switch150, a fuse 160, a

line,.l58. normally open contacts 159 on'therelay 155 and a line 161. 1i

One side of the pump motor 88, for controlling the'flow of liquidbetween the boiler 34 and the heat exchanger 33. is connected to a mainline 162 through the switch 150 and a line 163. The other side of themotor 88 is connected to the main line 152 through the switch 150. afuse 160. a line 158. a line 168, normally open contacts'166 on a relay167 and a line 164.

One side of the heating circulator pump motor 104. for forcing the hotfluid to the units 11. is connectedto the main line 162 through the line163. a line 171 and a line 172. The other side of the motor 104 isconnected to the main line 152 through the switch 150. the fuse 160. theline 158. a-line 173. normally open contacts 175 on a relay 176. a line177. normally closed contacts on the pressure switch 109 and a line 178.

One side of'the cooling circulator pump motor 134. for forcing thecooling liquid to the units 11. is connected to the main line 162through the switch 150. the line 163. the line 171 and the line 174. Theother side of the pump motor 134 is connected to the main line152through-the switch 150. the fuse 160, the line 158. a line 181.normally open contacts 182 of a relay 183. a line 184. normally closedcontacts on the pressure switch 130 and a line 186.

One side of the coil on the solenoid-operated gas valve 82 is connectedto a control circuit transformer 191 through a line 192. normally closedcontacts on the boiler aquastat 83 and a line 193. The other side of thecoil on the .valve 82 is connected to the other side of the transformer191 by a line 194. A fuse 195 is connected in the line 194 adjacent thetransformer 191.

One side of a coil of the relay 167 is connected-to the transformer 191through a line 196. The otherside of the coil of the relay 167 isconnected to the transformer 191 through a line 198. normally closedcontacts on the heatexchanger aquastat 90. a line 199 and a line 192.

One side of the coil of the relay 176is connected to transformer 191through a line 1 96 and a line 201. The other side of the relay coil isconnected to transformer 191 through a line 202. the heat contact 203 ofthe outdoor thermostat 146. the contact 209 of the thermostat 146 and aline 206.

One side of the coil of the cooling circulator relay 183 is connected tothe control circuit transformer 191 through the line 196. the line201and a line 207. The other side ofthe coil of the relay 183 isconnected to the transformer 191 through a line 208. the cooling contact204 of the thermostat 146. the contact 209 of the thermostat 146 and theline 206.

One side of the coil of the compressor relay 155 is connected to thecontrol circuit transformer 191 through the line 196. the line 201, theline 207 and a line 211. Theother side of the coil of the relay 155 isconnected to the control circuit transformer 191 through a line 212,normally open contacts 210 on the cooling exchanger aquastat 125. a line213. the line 199 and a line 192.

The fan 24 on each heating and cooling unit 11 is connected to a ll0-volt circuit. Thus. one side of each fan is connected to a main line216 through a line 217. The other side of each fan is connected to amain line 218 through a line 219. normally open contacts 221 on a blowerrelay 222 and a line 223.

One side of the coil of the blower relay 222 is connectedto one side ofthe control circuit transformer 226-through a line 227. The other sideofthe coil of the relay 222 is connected to the other side of thetransformer 226 through a line 228, a switch 229 on the valve 27 and aline 231.

The thermostats 31 are arranged to provide either heat or cooling to thearea. depending on the outside thermostat 146. The heating andcooling-units 11 are connected in the system so that the unit can onlyheat an area or cool an area at a given time. To this end. a controlrelay 233 is arranged to be controlled by the thermostat 146 so thatwhen a room is cool and requires heating. the cooling circuit isinoperative; and when the room is hot and needs cooling. the heatingcircuit is inoperative.

One side of the coil on the relay 233 is connected to the transformer191 through the line 206. thermostat elements 209 and 203 on thethermostat 146, the line 202 and a line 236. The other side of the coilof the relay 233 is connected to the transformer 191 through a line 237.the line 211. the line 207. the line 201 and the line 196. The relay 233is arranged so that in its unenergized position. the cooling controlelements of the thermostat 31 are operative and the heating controlelements are inoperative; and in its energized condition the heatingcontrol elements are operative and the cooling control elements areinoperative. lt is understood that other circuit arrangements can beused.

Each thermostat 31 is arranged in the control circuit to control theopening and closing of an associated valve 27 for either heating orcooling of the room. Thus. as seen. one element 240 of the heatingcontrol unit of the thermostat 31 is connected to the valve 27 through aline 241. the contacts 242 .of the relay 233 and a line 243 to theactuator of the valve 27. The other side of the actuator is connected tothe other element 245 of the heating control unit of the thermostat 31through a line 244, contacts 246 of the relay 233. a line 247. the line227. one side of the control circuit transformer 226. the other side ofthe control circuit transformer 226 and line 231.

One element 250 of thecooling control of the thermostat 31 is connectedto the valve 27 through a line 251, the contacts 242 onthe-relay 233 andthe line 243. The other element 255 of the cooling control of thethermostat 31 is connected to the valve 27 through a line 253. thecontacts 246 on the relay 233 and the line 247. the line 227 on one sideof the control circuit transformer 226. the other side of the controlcircuit transformer and the line 231.

While any number of different types and makes of equipment may be used.the following manufactured items have been found effective. The outdoorthermostat 146 may be a Minneapolis-Honeywell thermostat. Model T238A.The inside thermostats 31 may he Minneapolis-Honeywell thermostats.Model T834C-l l37-24-Volt. The circulating pumps 88, 104 and 134 may beCrane Company 1 lf olt Dynapumps. Model 400E. The aquastats 83. and 125may be Minneapolis- Honeywell Aquastats. Model L4006A. The pressureswitches 109 and 130 may be Minneapolis-Honeywell pressure switches.ModelL-itHA-llflo 2. The electric valve 27 may be Bell and Gossett zonecontrol valves. Model TEV-24-volt.

The operation of the system is readily apparent from the foregoing butis summarized briefly hereinafter for'purposes of clarification.

The exchangers 12 and 13 are filled with liquid to the proper levelindicated in the gauge 110 and the systems connected to the proper powersupplies.

Assume that it is summer time and the outdoor temperature is 95. Thesystem is to be used for cooling a room or space. The operation can bestbe followed in FIG. 1.

The outdoor thermostat 146. having been set at 65F.. controls thecircuits so as to prevent the pump 1'04 controlling the flow ofhotliquid from operating and permits the pump 134 controlling'the flowof cold liquid to operate. it is further assumed that the system hasbeen in operation sufficiently long so that the temperature of thecoolant in the exchanger 13 is approximately 40. that being the settingof the cooling exchanger aquastat 125. It is understood that. if thetemperature of the liquid in the exchanger'is above that temperature,the aquastat l25'operates to actuate the refrigerator unit 122 to coolthe liquid down tothe preselectedtemperature. When the temperature inthe exchanger is at the desired temperature. the aquastat 125deenergizes the control circuit to the refrigeration unit 122.

Assume that the temperature on each thermostat 31 is set for 73. Underthese conditions, the electric valves 27 open as the thermostats 31indicate that cooling is required. The pressure in the lines-211and 131reduces to l or 2 pounds or less. When this condition exists. theelectric circuits are such that the-pump 134is automatically started todeliver fluid from the exhanger121 to the units 11.

.7. Under these assumed conditions, the antifreeze liquid is pumped fromthe cooling exchanger 121 through conduit 131 through the check valve132, the pump 134, the conduit21,

space'heating and cooling units 11, the conduit 22, .the conduit 106 and.the conduit 137 to the cooling exchanger 121. Circulation of theantifreeze liquid through this circuitlcontinues until the, preselectedtemperatureoneach thermostat) v 31 has been reached. When thattemperature is reached, each.

electric valve 27. closes. When all the valves 27 are closed,- a

back pressure builds up in the lines 21 and 131 back to thecheck valve132and causes the pressure'swit ch 130 to open and in turn shut offthepump'134s Thecheek valve' l32 prevents the'buildup of pressurein thecontainer12l:

Whenever thetemperature of th'e liquid in .the cooling; exchanger 13. asshown by'th'eaquastat125. is above thepreselected temperature setting.the aquastat 125 operates to energize the refrigerator unit 122: .tocool the'liquid tothe v presenttemperaturew r Because the lines arefilled with antifreeze liquid to the I preselectedlevel indicated in thegauge 110, both the hot and a cold liquid supply containers 36 and 121are filled to capacity. 1

. .The flow of liquid is .fromthe'exhang'er 13 to the units 11ba'ck tothe cooling exchanger. The flow. of fluid is only through the coolingcircuit. It is also seen that no cold liquid flows'into the heatexchanger 12 because. the latter is filled to capacity; Assume .that itis winter time and that the outdoorv tempera- .ture is 50 The outdoorthermostat 146 reacts to energizethe hot liquid supply 12 circuit anddeenergizes the coolliquid supply 13 circuit. It is assumed that thetemperature of "the liquid in the heat exchanger 12 is approximately150? zlatter to burn. Any conventional pilot lifght system (not 53 areburning, heat is appliedto thelbottom of 'ach .chamber 71. This causesthe liquid in the chamber 71 to be t newne s:

open thefuel supply valve 82 shown) can be used to ignite the burners.

- heated and forced up the tube 77 to be discharged in the compartments51 and'52 on top of the liquid supply. Simultaneheating circuit has beenomitted and only the cooling circuit is I shown. The numbers on theunits correspond to the numbers of the same elements shown in FIG. 1.The operation of this modification is the same as that described for thecooling circuit of the embodiment shown in H0. 1.

' in FIGS 8 and 9 there is shown a modified form of the infvention. Insome climates'no cooling is required so in this emg The heating controlelements on each thermostat 31 have also been'set for 7 Z .Underthese-conditions, because the thermostats 31 indicate a needlfor heat,the electric -,valves 27 open 'andtheline pressure in the lines -21-'and102 reduces to l or 2 pounds or less. The pump 104 is actuated andliquid-is pumped (See the flow path arrows. from the heat exchanger. 12throughthe line 102. the check valve 103,thepump 104.; the line 21 tothe space heater and cooler units 11,the line 22 and the line'106to'outlet 1070f the heat exchanger 12;"The liquid will continue toflow. in this circuit until each thermostat 31 indicates the pro'pertemperature in the areaha's' been reached and shuts off each valve27,whereuponthe' back pressure in lines 21 and 102 builds up IOBCIUQICthe pressure switch 109 to shut off the pump 104. The check valve 132prevents the buildupof back pressure in the exchanger 12.

When'the liquid flows 'fromthe heat exchanger 12 to the units l1'andback to the exchanger 12, no liquid flows into the cooling exchangerbecause thecooling exchanger is completely filled. Because .of theinterconnections 107 and 137 between the heat exchanger 12 and thecooling exchanger-13, liquid can only be drawn from' one unit at a timeand liquid can not be forced into'the otherexchanger while-one isbeingutilized. lt will be noted. too; that this is accomplishedwithoutthe use'of expansion tanks orvalves; It is to be understood that.should a'surge occur. the excess liquid can be accommodated by the vent108 leading to the atmosl'ipere.v

Becausethissystemis vented to air both in the exchangers and the'boiler,chances of explosions are minimized, if not entirelyeliminated.

It is to be understood alsothat'the fans 24 operate whenever liquid isflowing through the units 11; I

bodiment'onlythe heating circuit'components are shown. As 4 shown, thesystem comprises a series of heating units 301 connected to aboiler'302by a conduit 303 and a return conduit 304. A centrifugal pump306 anda check valve 307 are connected in the line 303and operate in thesame manner as set forth hereinbefore. g a

The boiler 302, in thisinstance is heated by electricity. As shown, theboiler'r302 includes a cylindrical container defining a chamber 305having a top 308.:and a bottom 309.'The cylindrical container hereinincludes a pair of concentric metal cylinders 311 and 312 between whichis a layer of insulating material 313. The top also is formed by a pairof parallel members 314 and 316 5between which is a layer of insulatingmaterial 317. The bottom is formed with a plurality of chambers 3l0.each having a circular wall 318. a bottom 319 and a flange 321 spacedfrom the bottom and used to secure the chamber to'the bottom 308 of.theboiler; A heating coil 322 is I placedimmediately belowithe flash,chambers 310 to provide heat as for theprevious embodiment; Holes 323are formed in the bottom 309 to providecommunication between the chamber305 and each: flash chamber 310. Tubes .324 disposed in the boiler in avertical or upright position provide communication with each flashchamber 310 and chamber a 1 305. .The liquid level inlthe boiler is justbelow the top of each tube 324. e 7 1 Anaquastat 326is associated-withthe boilerand, upon a predetermined temperaturein the boiler, operatesto interrupt the electric circuit inthe switch unit 328 to the heatingunit 1 322. A vent 327 also vents the boiler chamber 305 to theatmosphere. A pressure switch 329 associated with the motor 306controls;.the motor circuit as described hereinbefore. Thermostats 331associated .with each unit 301 control the flow of liquid from theboilerto the units as described lierein- 'before.- All: of the othercomponents, operate in the same general manner as the heating portion ofthe system discussed it is readily apparent that this system is aselfcontained unit a 'and does not have to be connected to anywater orfluid. supply. it is readily apparent also that this system maybe readily installed for thesimple reason that small copper tubingor the likemay be used to effect connections betweenthe'various" components. inaddition to being installed inja building, the

heating and cooling exchangers may be placed outside of the house orbuilding to furtherminimize burning of the liouse as a result offaulty-.burners or leaking gas or other hazards. It is believed thatthe-operation of the circuit. has been covered.

hereinbeforeyhowever, his to be understoodthatwhen the temperature inthe. boiler,. as shown bythe aquastat 83, is

.below theaquastat operates in the control circuit to hereinbefore. e 1I In FIQ10 there is shown another embodiment of the invention. In thisembodimentonly thecooling system is utilized,

I and it is used herein tomaintain predetermined cool temperatures in arefrigerator 401, a deep freeze 402 and a cooler 403,

orotherunit where a predetermined cool temperature is required; Asshown, a cooling exchanger 404' is connected with a compressor-operatedrefrigerator unit 40 through a conduit 405, expansion valve 410 andretumconduit 415 as described hereinbefore. An aquastat 407 is operativelyassociated with the refrigeration unit 406 to maintain thetemperatureeof the liquidin ythe -r,cooling'exchahger 404 at a ipredetermined cool temperature} As shown, Qhe cooling exchanger 404is'connected to the refrigerator 401 through a conduit .408. Acentrifugal pump 409 and a check valve 411 are connected in the line408and operate in the manner described hereinbefore. A control valve 412is connected in the conduit 408 and is controlled by a thermostat 413operatively associated with the refrigerator 401. A return line 414returns the fluid to the cooling exchanger 404.

The deep freeze is connected to the line 408 through line 414. A controlvalve 416 is connected in the line 414 to control the flow of fluidtherethrough. A thermostat 417 operatively associated with the deepfreeze controls the control valve 416 and return line 418 connects withreturn line 414.

The cooler 403 is connected to the line 408 through a line 414 and theline 421. A control valve 422 is connected in the line 421 to controlthe flow of fluid therethrough. A thermostat 423 controls the valve 422.A return line 426 is connected to return line 414.

As can be seen. one cooling exchanger unit 404 may be used to controlthe temperature in a series of units and to maintain the temperature ineach individual unit at any predetermined cold temperature irrespectiveof the temperature in any of the other units.

The operation of this system is the same as described hereinbefore withthe exception that the control thermostats are set for differenttemperatures. It is not necessary to use the outside thermostat withthis modification.

In FIG. ll there is shown another method of installing a heating andcooling unit 501. As shown, the unit includes a housing 502, an inletpipe 503. radiating fins 504, an outlet pipe 506 and a fan 507functioning as described hereinbefore. As shown, the housing 502 ismounted underneath a floor 508 of a room formed by walls 509, 511 and512. The inlet 514 conducting air from the housing 502 is mounted in thefloor so as to force air upwardly into the room. The opposite end of thehousing 502 is connected to a tube 516 and has communication with theroom at point 517 some distance from the inlet 514. The latter tubeprovides a return circuit to the housing 502. A filter 518 may be placedin the tube 516 to purify the air. A thermostat 519 mounted on the wall512 serves to actuate the flow control valve 521 in the line 503.

This unit operates the same as described hereinbefore. The advantage ofthis construction, however, is that the air may be recirculated so thatthe cooler air of the room is heated rather than the colder fresh air;consequently the room may be brought up to temperature much quicker.

The systems shown herein can be manufactured quickly, easily and veryinexpensively. These systems also provide ease of installation in eithernew or old installations and provide a flexibility of control at a costnot heretofore available.

We claim:

1. The combination of a space cooling and heating device including atubular member for conducting liquid therethrough, a first liquid supplyhaving antifreeze characteristics, means for heating said first liquidsupply to a predetermined temperature, a second liquid supply havingantifreeze characteristics means for cooling said second liquid supplyto another preselected temperature, first conduit means connected withone end of said tubular member, second conduit means connected betweensaid first liquid supply, said second liquid supply and said firstconduit, third conduit means to the other end of said tubular member,said second conduit being vented to atmosphere, fourth conduit meansconnected between said first liquid supply and said second liquid supplyand said third conduit means and means responsive to a preselectedtemperature for selectively obtaining the flow of liquid from either thehot liquid supply or the cold liquid supply through the conduits to thespace cooling and heating device and back to the source of supply, saidlast mentioned means including pump means in one of said conduit meansfor selectively drawing liquid from said liquid supplies and urging thesame to said heating or cooling device, and means responsive to a backpressure in one of said conduit means for controlling said pump means.

2. The combination of a space cooling and heating device, including atubular member for conducting fluid therethrough. a temperatureresponsive device, a first fluid supply, means for heating said firstfluid supply to a predetermined temperature, a second fluid supplyhaving antifreeze characteristics, means for cooling said second fluidsupply to another predetermined temperature, conduit means connectedbetween said first fluid supply and said second fluid supply and one endof said tubular member, said conduit means being vented to atmosphere,second conduit means connected between said first fluid supply and saidsecond fluid supply and the other end of said tubular member whereby aflow from either the first or second fluid supply may circulate from thesupply through the space heating and cooling device and back to thesupply, and means responsive to preselected temperature on saidtemperature device for selectively effecting aflow of fluid from thefirst supply or the second supply, depending on the preset temperatureon said temperature device, said last mentioned means including pumpmeans in one of said conduit means for selectively drawing liquid fromone of said liquid supplies and urging the same to said heating andcooling device, and means responsive to a back pressure in one of saidconduit means for controlling said pump means.

3. The combination of a space cooling and heating device including aplurality of fins and a tubular member extending through said fins andoperably connected therewith to conduct heat or cold, a source of hotfluid of a first preselected temperature, a source of cold fluid havingantifreeze characteristics of a second preselected temperature, conduitmeans connected between said source of cold fluid and said source of hotfluid for selectively conducting fluid from one source or the other tosaid tubular member, means for venting said conduit means to atmosphere,and means responsive to preselected temperature for connecting the hotsource with the space heating means or the cold source with the spacecooling means depending on the temperature desired, said last mentionedpreselected temperature means including pump means associated with saidsources of fluid for selectively drawing liquid from one of said sourcesand urging the same to said heating and cooling device, and meansresponsive to a back pressure in said sources for controlling said pumpmeans.

4. The combination of a heating and cooling unit having a liquid inletand outlet, a thermostat associated with said unit. a first container, asecond container, a first connection between said first container andsaid second container and the outlet of said space heating and coolingdevice, means for venting said first connection to atmosphere, conduitmeans between said first container and said inlet of said space heatingand cooling device, second conduit means between said second containerand said inlet of said space heater and cooling device, an antifreezeliquid in said first and second containers and said conduits, means forheating the liquid in said first container to maintain said liquidtherein at a preselected temperature, means for cooling the liquid insaid second container to a preselected cooling temperature and meansresponsive to preselected temperature settings on said thermostat forselectively forcing either the hot or the cold liquid as directed by thethermostat to the space heating and cooling unit and back to thecontainer from which the liquid is taken, said last mentioned meansincluding pump means in one of said conduit means for selectivelydrawing liquid from one of said containers and urging the same to theheating and cooling unit, and means responsive to a back pressure insaid conduit means for controlling said pump means.

5. The combination of a space heating and cooling unit having a liquidinlet and an outlet, a thermostat operably associated with said spaceheating and cooling unit, a first container for holding a liquid, meansfor maintaining said liquid at a preselected temperature, a secondcontainer for holding a liquid, means for holding said liquid topreselected cooling temperature, a first conduit between said first andsecond containers, means for venting said first conduit to atmosphere, asecond conduit between said first connection and the outlet of saidspace heating and cooling unit, a third conduit between said firstcontainer and the inlet of said space heating and cooling unit, a fourthconduit between said second container I andthe inlet of said spaceheating and cooling' unit, an .an-

tifreeze liquid in said containers and conduits, means in said 1 thirdand fourth conduits responsive to predetermined tem perature forstopping the flow of liquid through saidthird' and 7 fourth conduits,check valves in said third and fourthconduits adjacent the first andsecond containers to prevent the return flow of liquid from 'said thirdandfourth conduits to the first 1- and second containers,respectively,pump means in said third and vfourth conduitsfor effectinga preselected flow of liquid 7 from said containers, to saidspaceheating' and cooling unit Y and means responsive to. apredetermined back pressurerin said third and fourth conduits forstopping said pump means.

between" said outlet and said boiler, a check valve in secondconduitmeans to prevent return flow between said coil and said boiler,pumping means in said second conduit to urge I 6. The combinationclaimed in clain14 in-whichthe means for heating the liquid includesacoil in said second container having an inlet and outlet, aboiler,:cnduit .means-betweenl said boiler and inlet of said coil,second conduit means I the' flow of fluid from said boiler to said coil,temperature -v means'on saidcontainer responsivetoja preselectedtemperature for stopping the flow of fluid between the boiler andsaidcoil and means for heatingthe fluid in boiler; H H

7.tThe combination or a heatingorcoolingdevice having a tubular memberfor conducting liquid, therethrough. a hot or cold liquid supply havingantifreeze characteristics. means for either heating or coolingsaidliquid supply, conduit means between said liquid supply andthejltubular,member of said cooling or heating device, second conduit means betweensaid tubular member of said heating or cooling device and said liquidsupply, a thermostatically controlled'valve in one of said conduitmeans, a vent to the atmosphere in one of 'said conduit means, pumpmeans in one of said conduit means for drawing

